大約在二年前我初寫《英語指迷》的時候,曾經對網友說希望將來寫一篇題為《商業英語的我見》的網誌,但後來因為缺乏用來闡釋的實例,所以最終不了了之。最近舊下屬給我發了些他公司的電郵,手頭上的資料多了些,開始寫了篇有關revert這個字在商業英語上用法的草稿。碰巧今早看網友的網誌時,她問到究竟應是Customer Service Department還是Customer Services Department?我覺得這問題很有趣,因自己以前也曾經想過:應該是Human Resource Department還是Human Resources Department?今天就讓我來分析一下!
一如既往,我們不需要問古大師,查字典就夠了!提到查字典,很多經常看我文章的朋友都會想,大猩猩最推舉LDOCE,一定以它的解釋為馬首是瞻了。那倒不一定!事實上,朗文這本字典雖然在句型資料上非常完備,但它本身也有很多小瑕疵,儘管我在過去兩年對狐狸先生提出了很多建議,但在某些問題上,我跟他的觀點頗不一樣。例如我覺得fastidious這個字可以有三個不同的解釋,但狐狸先生卻認為一個解釋就夠了,所以我認為在細緻程度上牛津高階比朗文當代更勝一籌。
言歸正傳,說回今天的題目。「客戶服務」和「人力資源」都是現今商業英語常見的字眼,那它們的英文究竟是什麼呢?這看似是一個非常容易的問題啊,我們先看較為簡單的「人力資源」。在以前,一般公司都有一個人事部(Personnel Department),但時移世易,「人事部」都變成「人力資源部」了,這給人的感覺要高檔一些,要管理的事情也多一點。查LDOCE或MED或Cobuild,你會看見「人力資源部」就是Human Resources (Department)/HR,這是個uncountable noun,resources這字用衆數來表達。
def : in a company, the
department that deals with employing, training, and helping people. (LDOCE)
CALD的說法差不多,但它認為Human Resources是一個plural noun。其實當你查絕大部份的字典時,你見到的都是human resources,特別是跟工作有關的用法:
e.g. director of human
resources at the company (OED)
Human resources亦可化為一個hyphenated word作modifier用,如:human-resources officer。不過,事實上human resources除了解作「人力資源部門」外,它還可以是「人力資源」:
e.g. Large corporations
try to develop their human resources by giving educational programs. (Newbury
House Dictionary)
e.g. our core skills are in building pan-European businesses and managing
human resources. (Oxford Dictionary of English)
所以嚴格來說,LDOCE/MED/CALD/Cobuild這四本學習型字典的解釋是不到位的。另外,我覺得human resources應該是一個plural noun而非uncountable noun。
第二個問題是說沒有衆數的human resource management是否就是錯的?那又未必!當我們說the management of the workforce of an organization時就可以用human resource management,例如:
e.g. He is known to have
enrolled at City University in London in November 2002 to take a course in
human resource management. Times, Sunday
Times(2004)
所以你會看見大專教科書的書名多是Human Resource
Management。這裏的human
resource management亦可作
human-resource management*,human-resource是一個形容詞:
(adj) referring or
relating to human resources (Chambers 21st Century Dictionary)
* 有時也作human-resources
management.
跟著說說比較複雜的「客戶服務」,看看它究竟是否需要加 's'。這個詞組比較麻煩,因為很多字典,特別是美式的,都沒有收錄customer service(s)。跟human resources一樣,LDOCE/MED/CALD都認為這字應作customer services,解「客戶服務部」。但另一些字典如OALD或Cobuild則取customer service:
e.g. the customer
service department (OALD8)
較大型的字典如Oxford Dictionary of English也是收錄了customer service:
[mass noun] the
assistance and advice provided by a company to those people who buy or use its
products or services.
而Collins English Dictionary給的解釋最詳盡:
customer service [noun]
- service
to customers
⇒ a mail-order
business with a strong reputation for customer service
- = customer service
department = customer services
換句話說,根據Collins English Dictionary,「客戶服務」的英文是customer service,而「客戶服務部」的英文則有三種說法,即customer service(s)/customer service
department。
e.g. Sprint estimated
its customer service costs will be reduced by $550 million over the next three
years. canada.com (2004)
e.g. I'd be very happy
to take you to see our customer services manager. Sue Welfare FALLEN WOMEN(2002)
既然customer service和customer services在很多情況下是可以通用的,那在現實世界中那個較為普遍呢?網友上網搜索了一下,說有s的佔多數。但我自己用雙引號括著"customer service(s)"上Google查了一下,得出相反的結果:有s的hit rates - 32.1 million;冇s的hit rates - 437 million,明顯是後者普遍得多了。現在大家知道怎樣運用human resource(s)和customer service(s)了吧!