各位網友好,差不多一年沒寫網誌了,因為近年《英語指迷》主要在Facebook的不公開群組寫些短文和網友分享,所以你們看不到。不過遲些應該會有一個變動,因為大猩猩又下崗了,所以會有多些時間在家,到時也會在再找到工作前多寫一些長文章,但短文還是會留在Facebook,有興趣的可留意一下,今天先寫一篇短文練練手。
C博士最近在FB出了一個post,寫道:
Dictionaries still label 'download' as a
transitive verb, e.g., 'to download a song/video'. The 'traditional' expression
would be '...while Office is being
downloaded.'
This is another example showing the
increasing popularity of transitive verbs being used ergatively - "Please
stay online while Office
downloads." (An earlier example sent to me by a former student - Amazon:
'Your order will ship in 4 days.')
他這說法明顯是錯了,以我所知,市面上至少有三本學習型詞典將download歸類為ergative verb,即可同時作為transitive verb和intransitive verb,它們是MWALD,CALD和MED。例句:
The software downloads quickly. (MWALD)
The file will take only a few seconds to
download. (Cambridge Business English Dictionary)
Wait until it's finished downloading.
(MED)
而關於ship這個動詞,更加值得解釋一下。Ship作動詞時解用船運貨,是一個及物動詞,這個相信很多人都知道。但其實ship跟download一樣也可作不及物動詞,只是意思稍有不同。我們來看看Cambridge
Business English Dictionary對ship的解釋。除了最普遍的第一個關於航運的解釋外,它還有以下的陸運解釋。
I asked
the suppliers to ship us a replacement as soon as possible.
看見嗎?例三和例四便是不及物用法。當然,在現實世界中,這用法不限於陸運,說航運也可以。同樣地,我們也可以在MED找到相近的解釋:
[intransitive/transitive]
to send
goods
to customers, or to be sent to customers, usually
by air
or land
美式詞典也有 :
Ship
a :to
send (something) to a customer
[+
object]
- The goods were shipped from a foreign
port.
- We shipped the items to you last week.
= We shipped you the items last week.
[no object]
- Your order is expected to ship soon.
b :to
send (a new product) to stores so that it can be bought by customers
[+
object]
- The company will ship its new software
next month.
[no object]
- The software will ship next month.
在這裏有一點可提出來討論一下。大家可見三本提到的詞典中,並沒有二本龍頭詞典〜OALD和LDOCE。LDOCE沒有是正常的,因為它已近十年沒有作出大幅修訂,但OALD也沒有這個用法,的確較令人失望。但我們不要忘記OALD每年有二、三次的詞義更新,所以相信在不久的將來,OALD也會加入這個用法。相對來說,在衆多的學習型詞典中,CALD和MED是其中最著重網上更新的,所以有收錄這額外的解釋並不出奇。至於MWALD,它有這個用法,並不是因為它資料多,而是這用法較像美式用法,所以MWALD才會有。其他類似的動詞還有save,close,improve等。
完結前,再說一說C博士的英文。下面這句是他寫的:
Please see if you could help for an
article I'm writing
對他這個博士來說,這算是一個低級錯誤,動詞help後面的preposition應用with,不是for:
The college now has a counsellor to help
students with both personal and work problems. (CALD)
雖然詞典並不是萬能的,但它對你學習英文,特別是英語寫作,有很大的幫助。可惜現今的英語教育界嚴重低估了英語(學習型)詞典的重要性。而且,這些英文老師對如何運用英語詞典的認知不足,實有重學的必要。